CVE-2025-62593: Ray-Project Ray Code Injection Vulnerability

In short

Ray-Project Ray has a weakness classified as code injection (CWE-94). CISA added it to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on 2026-08-17. NVD lists CVSS 4.0 at 9.4 CRITICAL.

What it is

“Ray-Project Ray contains a code injection vulnerability that could allow remote code execution. Developers using Ray as a development tool may be exposed to this vulnerability exploitable through Firefox and Safari.” — CISA KEV, retrieved 2026-11-01

“Ray is an AI compute engine. Prior to version 2.52.0, developers working with Ray as a development tool can be exploited via a critical RCE vulnerability exploitable via Firefox and Safari. This vulnerability is due to an insufficient guard against browser-based attacks, as the current defense uses the User-Agent header starting with the string "Mozilla" as a defense mechanism. This defense is insufficient as the fetch specification allows the User-Agent header to be modified. Combined with a DNS rebinding attack against the browser, and this vulnerability is exploitable against a developer running Ray who inadvertently visits a malicious website, or is served a malicious advertisement (malvertising). This issue has been patched in version 2.52.0.” — NVD, retrieved 2026-11-01

Who is affected

Ray-Project Ray. NVD lists the following versions as affected:

• Versions before 2.52.0

Exploitation status

CISA KEV added: 2026-08-17. Known ransomware campaign use: Not reported by CISA. Due date CISA set for US federal civilian agencies: 2026-08-20.

Scores

NVD CVSS 4.0: 9.4 CRITICAL; vector CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X; source [email protected].

EPSS by FIRST: 60.15%; percentile 99.13; score date 2026-10-31. EPSS estimates the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.

CWE: CWE-94, CWE-352.

Timeline

CISA required action

“Apply mitigations in accordance with vendor instructions, ensuring compliance with CISA’s BOD 26-04 Prioritizing Security Updates Based on Risk (see URL in Notes) guidance and CISA’s “Forensics Triage Requirements” (see URL in Notes). Follow applicable BOD 26-04 guidance for cloud services or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable. Stakeholders are responsible for evaluating each asset's internet exposure and ensuring adherence to BOD 26-04 patching guidelines.” — CISA KEV

What to do

• Confirm whether you run Ray-Project Ray and which version.
• Apply the vendor update or mitigation in the advisory.
• Follow CISA’s required action.
• Review the vendor guidance on signs of compromise.
• Track the fix through completion.

References

• Patch: https://github.com/ray-project/ray/commit/70e7c72780bdec075dba6cad1afe0832772bfe09
• Third Party Advisory: https://www.bitsight.com/blog/rondodox-botnet-infrastructure-analysis
• NVD detail
• CVE.org record
• CISA KEV catalog

Sources and dates

CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, version 2026.10.30; retrieved 2026-11-01. CISA KEV data: CC0 1.0. No endorsement by CISA.

NVD retrieved: 2026-11-01. This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.

EPSS scores by FIRST; score date 2026-10-31.